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Experiment

 

We implemented a 3D reconstruction system named SCRAPER. We experimentally reconstructed a part of a lecture room in the graduate school of informatics in Kyoto University.

The target space is imaged by four SONY EVI-G20 video cameras fixed at the corners of the lecture room (Figure 2). Table 1 shows the camera position in the room coordinate system.

  
Figure 2: Camera Layout in The Lecture Room

  
Table 1: Camera Position

In the experiment, we prepared four image captors and four extractors, and used four SUN Ultra2 200MHz workstations for them. We prepared four 3D composers and assigned them to four SUN Ultra1 170MHz workstations. A scheduler runs on a different workstation. All the workstations are connected on a LAN. The scheduler makes a synchronization among the image captors, the extractors and the 3D composers via 100 base-T Ethernet and 155Mbps ATM LAN. The dynamic region data from the extractors to the 3D composers are transferred on ATM LAN.

Figure 3 shows SOOS defined by the static object database given in advance. A SOIS from the camera (d) in Figure 2 is shown in Figure 4 for example. These subspace have been calculated before the SCRAPER system starts the reconstruction.

  
Figure 3: SOOS

  
Figure 4: SOIS of Camera (d)

The system reconstructed the the target space which was imaged more than three cameras. Hence, so a part of the target space was observed by four cameras, and other part was observed by three cameras. In the case four cameras imaged the subspace, n in Equation (2) should be four, and in the other case, if a camera j could not observe the subspace, is the product of . Figure 5 displays the target space which is visible by at least three cameras in the lecture room.

  
Figure 5: Target Space

In the experiment, the image captor takes images with the size of pixels. The camera which locates the furthest position from the target space images a cubic subspace of 5 centimeters on a side in the target space onto one pixel in the captured image. Therefore, we set the voxel size as a cube of 5 centimeters on a side. The target space shown in Figure 5 corresponds to 96,769 voxels.

We conducted an experiment to measure the throughput and the latency of our prototype system. The target space is shown in Figure 5, and we put a box as a dynamic object whose size is . The result of using four 3D composers are shown in Table 2. A variable r indicates number of 3D composers served in each path and s indicates number of paths in the system. We also conducted an experiment with only one 3D composer just for comparison and its throughput is 2.2 fps and its latency is 1,384 msec.

  
Table 2: Throughput And Latency

The required throughput and latency differ according to applications. One good feature of our method is that we can change the formation suitable to the applications by changing r and s. The result indicates that the case of two 3D composers at two paths is good because the throughput is almost same as four 3D composers at one path and the latency is as short as that of the case of four paths.

We implemented a virtual space viewer which displays the reconstructed real space as a set of voxels in realtime. This viewer displays not only the dynamic objects but also the static objects given to the system in advance, so a user can walk around the lecture room and observe the real-time real space from any viewpoint with little delay.

An example of a captured image is shown in Figure 6 . Figure 7 shows the reconstructed space displayed by the viewer. The voxels displayed in the center corresponds to , which were transmitted from the SCRAPER system.

  
Figure 6: Video Image from Camera (a)

  
Figure 7: Reconstructed Space from Other Viewpoint



next up previous
Next: Conclusion Up: No Title Previous: Pipeline Processing



Yoshinari Kameda
Mon Sep 21 11:42:41 JST 1998